Author: Ryan Mack

Mobile apps are no longer a luxury—they’re a lifeline. For millions of users, particularly those with disabilities, mobile experiences must be not only fast and functional but also inclusive. Whether you’re developing a native app for iOS or Android or building a responsive web application, mobile accessibility should be at the forefront of your QA and UX process.

This expanded guide provides a comprehensive mobile accessibility checklist aligned with WCAG 2.2, platform-specific guidelines, and real-world usability expectations. It’s meant for developers, QA engineers, designers, and accessibility consultants alike.

Why Mobile Accessibility Matters

• User reliance: Mobile is now the primary internet access point for many users, including those with disabilities who rely on assistive tech.
• Legal pressure: Increasing ADA and Section 508 lawsuits now include mobile experiences.
• Platform expectations: Apple and Google both publish accessibility standards and expect compliance from app developers.

Accessible mobile apps:

• Improve UX for all users
• Reduce bounce rates
• Expand your customer base
• Future-proof your product from lawsuits or audits

Universal Mobile Accessibility Checklist

1. Screen Reader Compatibility

Why it matters: Screen readers are used by people with vision impairments or cognitive disabilities.

What to test:

• Ensure all elements (headings, buttons, form inputs) are read in logical order by VoiceOver (iOS) and TalkBack (Android).
• Test semantic HTML roles and ARIA roles for correctness.
• Ensure custom components (e.g., tab panels, modals) expose correct roles, names, and states.
• Ensure all images have appropriate alt text or are hidden from assistive tech if decorative.
• Avoid duplicate labels or ambiguous labels like “button123.”

Learn more:

Apple VoiceOver Guide

Android TalkBack Help

2. Touch Target Size

Why it matters: Users with limited dexterity or motor control need tappable elements to be large and forgiving.

What to test:

• Confirm that all interactive elements (buttons, links, icons) have minimum hit area of 44×44 pixels/dp.
• Check spacing between adjacent elements to reduce accidental taps.
• Avoid relying on small toggle switches or corner icons without spacing.
• Provide accessible alternatives for gesture-based actions (e.g., a visible delete button instead of swipe-only delete).

3. Color Contrast & Visual Clarity

Why it matters: Low vision and colorblind users rely on strong contrast and multiple modes of differentiation.

What to test:

• Use tools to verify text contrast is ≥ 4.5:1 for normal text and ≥ 3:1 for large text.
• Ensure form errors, selected states, and required fields are not conveyed by color alone.
• Verify interface legibility in both light mode and dark mode.
• Avoid gray-on-gray, blue-on-black, and other low-contrast patterns.

4. Zoom and Scaling Support

Why it matters: Some users zoom or increase text size to read more comfortably.

What to test:

• Verify that iOS Dynamic Type and Android font scaling are supported throughout the app.
• Ensure UI content is not truncated, overlapping, or cut off at 200% zoom.
• Test layout responsiveness in both portrait and landscape mode.
• Avoid fixed heights or widths that prevent resizing.

5. Keyboard Navigation & Focus Management

Why it matters: Users with external keyboards, switch controls, or voice commands need accessible focus and interaction.

What to test:

• Confirm that all interactive elements can be reached and activated using only a keyboard or switch device.
• Ensure logical focus order matches visual layout.
• Provide a clear visual focus indicator (e.g., outline or glow).
• Trap focus inside modals and restore it properly on close.
• Avoid auto-focusing elements unexpectedly or skipping over interactive components.

6. Dynamic Content & Announcements

Why it matters: Dynamic UI changes must be communicated to assistive tech users.

What to test:

• Use ARIA role=”alert” or platform-native announcement APIs for real-time updates (e.g., “Item deleted”).
• Ensure form error messages are announced by screen readers.
• Focus is moved appropriately when a modal or dialog appears.
• Use aria-live regions for dynamically injected content.

ARIA guidance:

WAI-ARIA Authoring Practices

7. Form Accessibility

Why it matters: Forms are critical user flows (login, signup, payment).

What to test:

• Each input has a visible label and a programmatic one (<label> or aria-label).
• Related fields (e.g., name fields) are grouped with fieldset and legend when applicable.
• Required fields are indicated both visually and programmatically (aria-required, asterisk, etc.).
• Validation errors are announced and clearly associated with the relevant field.
• Autofill and native keyboard input types are used (e.g., type=”email”).

WCAG 2.2 Forms tutorial:

W3C Forms Accessibility Tutorial

8. Device Feature Support

Why it matters: Native mobile devices offer powerful assistive features.

What to test:

• Test interaction using Voice Control (iOS) and Voice Access (Android).
• Confirm app supports navigation with switch control or external Bluetooth keyboards.
• Provide alternatives to motion-triggered actions (e.g., shake to undo should also have a button).
• Honor system settings like reduced motion or increased contrast.

Recommended Mobile Testing Tools

Platform	Tools
iOS	VoiceOver, Accessibility Inspector, Xcode Simulator, Dynamic Type
Android	TalkBack, Accessibility Scanner, Layout Inspector, Switch Access
Web (Mobile)	Chrome DevTools (emulated mobile), axe DevTools Mobile, Lighthouse
Cross-platform	Appium, BrowserStack, Firebase Test Lab

See also: Deque’s axe DevTools 

Best Practices for Real-World Testing

• Test on real devices, not just emulators or screen-size emulations.
• Include users with disabilities in usability testing if possible.
• Combine manual testing and automated scans.
• Track accessibility defects in your regular issue tracker.
• Make accessibility testing part of your definition of done in sprints.

Final Thoughts

Mobile accessibility isn’t a nice-to-have — it’s essential. It improves your product’s usability, reach, and legal compliance. While automated tools are helpful, nothing replaces hands-on testing and a deep understanding of your users’ needs.

Following this checklist will help you catch the most common mobile a11y issues, but it should be the baseline—not the ceiling.

Need expert help testing or remediating your mobile app for accessibility? Book a free accessibility consultation with A11y Pros today and ensure your app works for everyone.

As digital experiences become central to how we live, work, and communicate, accessibility is no longer a nice-to-have—it’s a necessity. Inaccessible websites and applications can exclude millions of users who rely on assistive technologies, and companies that fail to meet accessibility standards increasingly face reputational and legal risks.

For development teams, this shift means that accessibility isn’t just a QA or design concern—it’s a core engineering responsibility. Whether you’re building a new feature or maintaining legacy code, having an accessibility-aware development team is essential to creating inclusive, compliant digital products.

In this post, we’ll break down seven core skills every front-end engineer, UI developer, and full-stack dev should know to ensure your team is not just accessibility-aware—but accessibility-ready. From semantic HTML to assistive technology testing, these skills will help your team deliver experiences that work for everyone, including people with disabilities.

 1. Semantic HTML & CSS Foundations

Good accessibility starts with good structure. Writing semantic HTML means using the right elements for their intended purpose: <header>, <main>, <nav>, <button>, and so on. These elements provide meaningful information to assistive technologies like screen readers, allowing users to navigate by landmarks and structure.

CSS should be used for presentation only—not for faking semantics (e.g., making a <div> look like a button). This is a foundational skill every developer must master.

Learn more from MDN’s accessibility HTML guide.

2. ARIA & JavaScript Accessibility

Modern web apps rely heavily on JavaScript frameworks like React, Vue, and Angular. When custom UI components are introduced, ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) becomes essential.

ARIA allows developers to define roles, states, and properties to make dynamic elements like modals, dropdowns, and tab lists accessible. But ARIA should be used carefully—“no ARIA is better than bad ARIA.”

See MDN’s ARIA documentation for guidance.

3. Assistive Technology Testing

Automated tools (like Lighthouse or Axe) are great for catching surface-level issues, but they can’t replicate how a real user experiences your app.

Your developers should be familiar with:

• NVDA (Windows)
• VoiceOver (macOS and iOS)
• TalkBack (Android)

Testing with screen readers, keyboard-only navigation, and high-contrast modes reveals issues that automation can’t detect—like confusing focus states, announcement problems, or non-intuitive interaction flows.

Download NVDA for free and test your next feature manually.

4. WCAG Mastery & Guidelines Literacy

Your team should understand the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 and 2.2, particularly Level AA compliance. These standards form the legal and functional baseline for accessibility compliance around the world.

Key principles of WCAG—Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust (POUR)—should be familiar terms to every developer. Knowing the difference between a Level A and Level AA violation can shape smarter dev decisions.

Explore W3C’s official WCAG guidelines.

5.  Responsive & Mobile Accessibility

More than 60% of global web traffic comes from mobile devices. Accessibility doesn’t stop at screen size—touch targets, gesture reliance, zoom support, and reflow behavior are all major concerns addressed in WCAG 2.1 and 2.2.

Developers must ensure that:

• Pages don’t require horizontal scrolling at 320px width
• Orientation isn’t locked without a good reason
• Touch gestures aren’t the only way to interact with key functionality

Read up on mobile accessibility guidelines.

6. Manual Testing Techniques

Even with tools like Axe, Lighthouse, and WAVE in your workflow, manual testing is essential. It catches layout traps, keyboard navigation failures, focus issues, and announcement bugs that scanners miss.

Developers should learn how to:

• Navigate the site using only a keyboard
• Follow logical tab order
• Trigger modals and dropdowns without a mouse
• Inspect the accessibility tree using browser DevTools

Try the HTML accessibility test on MDN.

7. Documentation & Team Communication

Accessibility work is cross-functional. Developers need to know how to log accessibility issues in a clear, actionable way—often in tools like Jira, Asana, or GitHub Issues.

Good documentation includes:

• The violated WCAG criterion
• Clear reproduction steps
• Expected behavior
• Severity and impact rating
• Optional screenshots or screen reader output

The better your team communicates, the faster accessibility issues get fixed.

Why These Skills Matter

A recent study from WebAIM found that 96.3% of the top one million websites still have WCAG violations, and lawsuits related to ADA and digital accessibility continue to rise. Companies that prioritize accessibility not only reduce legal risk but also improve SEO, usability, and overall user satisfaction.

Moreover, hiring managers at companies like Microsoft, Google, and Salesforce increasingly expect developers to have accessibility awareness baked into their skills.

What Can Your Team Do Today?

• Audit your codebase for low-hanging accessibility fixes
• Add accessibility checks to your code review and QA process
• Start training developers using free tools like Deque University, MDN tutorials, and W3C WAI
• Partner with experts (like us!) to conduct audits, VPATs, or training sessions

Ready to take Accessibility seriously?

At a11ypros.com, we specialize in WCAG audits, remediation, training, and VPATs. Whether you’re looking to upskill your dev team or fix existing accessibility issues, we can help you deliver a more inclusive experience—without slowing down your roadmap.

 Contact us today to get started.

Search engine optimization (SEO) and digital accessibility are often approached as separate goals. However, they share a fundamental purpose: improving the user experience. When you build your website to meet accessibility standards—such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 or 2.2—you not only make your site more usable for people with disabilities, but you also enhance your visibility in search engine results pages (SERPs). This blog post explores how improving accessibility directly and indirectly boosts SEO, resulting in a stronger online presence and broader audience reach.

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1. Shared Goal: Better User Experience

Both SEO and accessibility strive to make websites more usable, navigable, and informative. Search engines aim to deliver results that provide a great user experience, which includes how content is structured and how easily it can be accessed.

Using semantic HTML elements (like <header>, <nav>, <main>, <section>, and <footer>) provides a clearer structure that benefits both screen reader users and search engine crawlers. These tags define the content in a meaningful way, allowing assistive technologies and indexing bots to understand the hierarchy and purpose of your content.

Additionally, descriptive link text (e.g., “Read our accessibility guide” instead of “Click here”) improves usability and contributes keyword relevance, which can positively impact your SEO performance.

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2. Alt Text and Image Optimization

Alternative text (alt text) plays a crucial role in both accessibility and SEO. For users with visual impairments, alt text provides a description of images through screen readers. For search engines, it allows images to be properly indexed.

Optimizing alt attributes with descriptive, keyword-rich phrases increases your site’s relevance in image search results and improves the overall context of your pages. It’s important to avoid keyword stuffing; focus on writing helpful, concise descriptions that accurately reflect the content of each image.

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3. Proper Use of Headings (H1-H6)

Both search engines and screen readers rely on well-structured heading levels to understand and navigate web content. Proper use of headings helps segment information logically and improves scannability for all users.

Using one <h1> for the page title, followed by nested <h2>, <h3>, etc., creates a hierarchical flow that mirrors the content structure. Including targeted keywords in your headings not only enhances accessibility but also boosts keyword relevance, a key factor in SEO rankings.

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4. Clean, Semantic HTML and ARIA Landmarks

Websites built with clean, semantic HTML are easier for both users and search engines to interpret. Screen readers can better announce content that uses meaningful tags, while crawlers can more accurately index your pages.

ARIA landmarks, such as role="banner", role="navigation", and role="main", further define sections of the page. When used correctly, these landmarks improve navigation for assistive technology users and clarify your content structure for SEO algorithms.

Additionally, a well-structured HTML document enhances load times and performance—both of which are considered SEO ranking signals.

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5. Mobile Accessibility and Core Web Vitals

Mobile-first indexing is now the standard for Google, meaning your mobile site is the primary version indexed. Accessibility best practices often align with mobile optimization, helping you meet key Core Web Vitals metrics:

• Largest Contentful Paint (LCP): Optimized images, clean layouts, and fast servers improve load times.
• First Input Delay (FID): Accessible, responsive elements ensure better interaction timing.
• Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS): Proper spacing, keyboard focus indicators, and visual consistency reduce layout shifts.

Making your site mobile accessible improves usability across all devices and supports higher search engine rankings.

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6. Reduced Bounce Rates and Longer Engagement

An accessible website keeps users engaged. When content is easy to read, navigate, and interact with, users are more likely to stay longer, explore more pages, and complete goals.

Search engines monitor behavioral metrics like bounce rate, time on site, and page views per session. Improving accessibility—like adding visible focus states, using legible fonts, and ensuring keyboard navigation—can lead to better engagement and stronger SEO performance.

Accessible websites are also more likely to convert users, whether it’s completing a form, making a purchase, or subscribing to a newsletter.

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7. Voice Search and Structured Data

As voice search continues to rise, websites that follow accessibility best practices are better positioned to succeed. Voice assistants favor content that is:

• Clearly structured with headings and bullet points
• Written in natural, conversational language
• Enhanced with schema markup or structured data

By using accessibility-focused techniques, you naturally create content that aligns with the way voice search queries are processed. This helps your pages appear in featured snippets or as direct answers in voice search results.

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Conclusion: A Win-Win Strategy

Accessibility is not just a compliance checkbox—it’s a strategic advantage. By improving your site’s accessibility, you create a better experience for all users, reduce legal risk, and enhance your site’s SEO performance.

At A11YPros, we help organizations integrate accessibility and SEO best practices into every phase of their digital strategy. From audits and remediation to inclusive design and WCAG compliance, we empower teams to build websites that are optimized for both people and search engines.

Ready to improve your site’s accessibility and SEO? Contact us today to get started.

As artificial intelligence continues to shape the future of digital interaction, it’s crucial to address a growing concern: accessibility. While AI-powered tools like chatbots, voice assistants, and generative UIs offer immense value, many fall short of meeting accessibility standards like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). In this post, we explore how to ensure your AI-driven experiences are inclusive for everyone.

Why Accessibility in AI Matters

AI technologies are becoming embedded in websites and apps at a rapid pace. From customer service chatbots to AI-generated images and smart content personalization, these tools often overlook users who rely on assistive technologies. Without proper attention to WCAG 2.1 or 2.2 guidelines, AI can unintentionally create new barriers.

Common WCAG Violations in AI-Driven Interfaces

1. Inaccessible Chatbots:

• Many chatbots lack keyboard navigation support, focus management, or semantic markup.
• Improper use of ARIA roles or missing announcements for new messages can make them unusable with screen readers.
• See Deque’s best practices for accessible chatbots.

2. Image Generators Without Alt Text:

• AI-generated images often don’t include descriptive alt text.
• This violates WCAG 1.1.1 (Non-text Content) and excludes users with visual impairments.
• Consider integrating services that provide automated alt text generation with human review, such as Microsoft Azure Cognitive Services or Google Cloud Vision.

3. Unpredictable Dynamic Content:

• Generative UI tools may update content without notifying screen readers.
• Missing live regions or improper use of JavaScript can lead to confusion or missed information.

Techniques to Make AI Content Inclusive

1. Use ARIA Live Regions:

• Mark dynamic updates using aria-live="polite" or aria-live="assertive" so screen readers announce changes.
• Learn more from MDN Web Docs on ARIA Live Regions.

2. Ensure Semantic HTML Structure:

• Always use appropriate landmarks (<main>, <nav>, <section>, etc.) and headings for logical flow.
• Avoid div-heavy layouts for AI chat interfaces—use real HTML elements.

3. Enable Full Keyboard Navigation:

• All interactive elements must be accessible via tab and arrow keys.
• Avoid custom components that lack focus indicators or trap keyboard users.

4. Test with Real Assistive Tech:

• Use tools like NVDA, JAWS, VoiceOver, and TalkBack to validate behavior.
• Pair with automated testing tools like axe-core or Pa11y.

Conclusion: Responsible AI Means Inclusive AI

As AI becomes more embedded in everyday digital experiences, designers and developers must be proactive in ensuring accessibility. Meeting WCAG standards in AI-driven interfaces isn’t just a legal or technical requirement—it’s a commitment to equitable design.

By integrating ARIA roles, semantic markup, alt text, and assistive tech testing into the AI development workflow, we can create smarter tools that serve everyone.

Every year, Global Accessibility Awareness Day (GAAD) reminds us of a simple truth: the internet should be usable by everyone. On this day, celebrated annually on the third Thursday of May, we come together to raise awareness about digital access and inclusion for the more than one billion people worldwide living with disabilities.

At A11y Pros, accessibility isn’t just a checklist—it’s our mission. As we mark GAAD 2025, we reflect on how far we’ve come in the world of digital accessibility and how far we still have to go.

What Is Global Accessibility Awareness Day?

GAAD began in 2012 with the goal of sparking conversations and actions around making the digital world more inclusive. It’s a day for designers, developers, business leaders, and policymakers to take a closer look at the barriers people with disabilities face when using the web, apps, or other digital products. Learn more about GAAD at the official GAAD website.

Why GAAD 2025 Is More Important Than Ever

In 2025, digital accessibility is not optional. Legal pressures are growing—especially under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section 508—and public expectations are rising. Businesses that fail to prioritize accessibility risk not just lawsuits, but losing customers and damaging their reputation.

This year’s GAAD theme is a call to go beyond compliance. It’s about creating digital experiences that are usable, intuitive, and equitable for everyone. Accessibility isn’t just about avoiding risk—it’s about expanding opportunity.

Key Areas of Focus for 2025

• WCAG 2.2: Now fully adopted, WCAG 2.2 introduces critical updates, including focus appearance and target size improvements. Understanding and implementing these changes is essential.
• Accessible Design Systems: More teams are investing in reusable, accessible components to scale inclusive design.
• AI and Accessibility: With AI-driven content and interfaces on the rise, accessibility considerations must be baked into these technologies from the start.
• Proactive Testing and Audits: Leading organizations are embedding manual and automated accessibility testing into CI/CD pipelines and QA workflows.

What You Can Do Today

• Audit your website or app for WCAG 2.2 compliance
• Add alt text and proper labels to images and form fields
• Test with a screen reader or keyboard-only navigation
• Publish an accessibility statement that outlines your commitment
• Work with experts to remediate issues and build accessible experiences

For more guidance, visit resources from WebAIM, Deque Systems, and the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative.

How A11y Pros Can Help

At A11y Pros, we specialize in helping organizations move from reactive fixes to proactive accessibility strategies. Whether you’re looking for a full audit, remediation help, or WCAG 2.2 training, we’re here to support your journey toward digital inclusion.

Let’s make GAAD 2025 more than a hashtag. Let’s turn awareness into action.

 Contact us to schedule your accessibility audit or consultation.

Web accessibility is no longer optional—it’s essential. As digital accessibility lawsuits continue to rise, WCAG 2.2 compliance has become a critical part of building modern websites. At A11y Pros, we conduct audits across various industries, and these are the most common WCAG 2.2 violations we encounter—along with practical tips on how to fix them.

1. Missing Form Labels

Why it matters: Screen reader users rely on labels to understand the purpose of form inputs. 
Fix: Always use a <label>element with a for attribute that matches the input’s id, or use aria-label or aria-labelledby if a visual label isn’t present.

2. Low Color Contrast

Why it matters: Users with low vision or color blindness may not be able to read text with insufficient contrast. 
Fix: Ensure text has at least a 4.5:1 contrast ratio (3:1 for large text). Use tools like WebAIM’s Contrast Checker.

3. Keyboard Traps or No Keyboard Access

Why it matters: Users who navigate via keyboard must be able to access all interactive elements. 
Fix: Test your site with only a keyboard. Ensure that all buttons, links, modals, and inputs are reachable and operable.

4. Missing Focus Indicators

Why it matters: Without visible focus, keyboard users can’t tell where they are on the page. 
Fix: Never remove outlines via CSS (outline: none) unless replacing them with a clear custom style.

5. Improper Use of ARIA

Why it matters: Misusing ARIA can break accessibility rather than enhance it. 
Fix: Follow the ARIA authoring practices and use native HTML whenever possible before reaching for ARIA.

6. Non-Descriptive Link Text

Why it matters: Screen reader users often navigate by links and need context. 
Fix: Avoid generic text like “Click here.” Use descriptive links such as “Download our accessibility checklist.”

7. Inaccessible Modals or Dialogs

Why it matters: Many modals are not announced properly by screen readers or trap keyboard users.
 Fix: Ensure modals use role="dialog", manage focus when opened/closed, and include accessible labels.

8. Auto-Playing Media Without Controls

Why it matters: Users must be able to pause, stop, or control media. 
Fix: Include controls for video/audio or avoid auto-play altogether.

9. Poor Heading Structure

Why it matters: Headings provide a navigable page outline for screen reader users. 
Fix: Use semantic heading levels (<h1> through <h6>) in order and don’t skip levels unnecessarily.

10. Inaccessible Custom Components

Why it matters: Components like dropdowns, tabs, and sliders are often not usable by screen reader or keyboard users.
Fix: Follow ARIA authoring practices or use accessible component libraries. Test with screen readers and keyboards.

How to Stay Compliant

Avoiding these issues requires more than a checklist—it requires a mindset. Integrate accessibility into your design and development process from the start. Use a combination of automated tools and manual testing, and train your team on accessibility basics.

Need Help?

A11y Pros specializes in WCAG 2.2 audits, remediation, and compliance consulting. Whether you’re building from scratch or retrofitting an existing site, we can help you meet accessibility standards and reduce legal risk.

Contact us today for a free consultation.

If you’re responsible for a digital product or website, chances are you’ve heard of a VPAT. But what exactly is it, and do you really need one?

In this guide, we break down the essentials of the Voluntary Product Accessibility Template (VPAT), why it matters, and how the team at a11ypros.com can help you handle every part of the process.

What Is a VPAT?

A VPAT, or Voluntary Product Accessibility Template, is a standardized document that outlines how your digital product conforms to accessibility standards such as:

• WCAG 2.1 or 2.2 (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines)
• Section 508 (U.S. federal procurement requirements)
• EN 301 549 (European standard)

The VPAT results in an Accessibility Conformance Report (ACR), which communicates how accessible your software, web app, or digital tool is to people with disabilities.

Who Needs a VPAT?

You may need a VPAT if:

• You’re selling to government agencies or public institutions
• Your customers request one during procurement
• You want to demonstrate accessibility maturity to clients and users
• You’re preparing for compliance audits or litigation risks

Even if you’re not required to provide a VPAT, having one can set you apart in competitive bids, especially in education, healthcare, and enterprise sectors.

What’s Inside a VPAT?

A VPAT includes:

• Product name and version
• Evaluation methods used (manual and automated testing)
• Conformance level to each relevant WCAG guideline (A, AA, AAA)
• Notes or explanations for any limitations or exceptions

Creating an accurate VPAT requires both technical accessibility testing and clear, legally accurate documentation.

Common VPAT Mistakes to Avoid

• ❌ Copy-pasting boilerplate answers without proper testing
• ❌ Overstating compliance
• ❌ Failing to update the VPAT after product changes
• ❌ Using the wrong VPAT edition (e.g., using WCAG 2.0 instead of 2.2)

These mistakes can lead to legal exposure or loss of business opportunities.

How a11ypros.com Can Help

At a11ypros.com, our team of experienced accessibility engineers can help you with:

• Full accessibility audits to verify compliance
• Manual and automated testing against WCAG 2.2 AA
• Authoring VPATs that are accurate and procurement-ready
• Remediation guidance if issues are found
• Ongoing support as your product evolves

We don’t just hand over a template. We partner with you to ensure your product meets the highest accessibility standards and your documentation reflects that.

Get Started Today

Whether you’re preparing for an RFP, launching a public-sector app, or just want to build a more inclusive product, a VPAT is a critical piece of your accessibility strategy.

Let a11ypros.com guide you through every step of the process.

Contact us today to get started with your Accessibility Conformance Report.

Breaking News: Compliance Timeline Extended

Important Update: On April 2, 2025, Governor Jared Polis signed HB24-1454 into law, extending the compliance deadline for HB21-1110 by one year. State agencies now have until July 1, 2025 to achieve full compliance with accessibility standards.

Understanding Colorado’s Digital Accessibility Mandate

Colorado has positioned itself as a leader in digital accessibility with the passage of House Bill 21-1110, officially titled “Colorado Laws for Persons with Disabilities.” This groundbreaking legislation requires all state agencies to ensure their digital resources are accessible to people with disabilities, reflecting Colorado’s commitment to creating an inclusive digital environment for all citizens.

With the compliance deadline approaching in July 2025 and significant penalties for non-compliance, many Colorado state agencies are working diligently to understand requirements and implement necessary changes. This guide provides essential information about the law, its scope, requirements, and best practices for achieving compliance.

What Makes HB21-1110 Unique Among State Accessibility Laws?

Colorado’s approach to digital accessibility differs significantly from federal standards like Section 508 and ADA Title II in several important ways:

1. Comprehensive Scope

Unlike many state laws that focus primarily on websites, HB21-1110 encompasses a much broader range of digital content and technologies. The law applies to virtually all digital resources created, maintained, or used by state agencies.

2. Citizen Enforcement Mechanism

The Colorado law creates a direct enforcement pathway by empowering individuals with disabilities to take legal action against non-compliant agencies. This citizen-driven accountability model represents a significant departure from laws that rely solely on regulatory enforcement.

3. Substantial Penalties

The financial consequences of non-compliance under HB21-1110 exceed those in many other states, with potential fines of $3,500 per violation payable to each plaintiff, plus damages and attorney fees. This creates powerful incentives for agencies to prioritize accessibility.

4. Structured Support System

The Colorado Office of Information Technology (OIT) serves as a central resource hub for agencies working toward compliance. This coordinated approach helps ensure consistency and provides technical assistance throughout the implementation process.

5. Experience-Centered Approach

HB21-1110 emphasizes not just technical standards compliance but the overall user experience. This philosophy recognizes that true accessibility involves creating digital environments that work effectively for all users, regardless of ability.

What Digital Resources Fall Under HB21-1110?

The law applies to an extensive range of information and communication technology (ICT), including:

• Public-facing and internal websites
• Web and mobile applications
• Digital kiosks and interactive displays
• Electronic documents (PDFs, Word files, presentations)
• Multimedia content (videos, audio recordings)
• Digital signage
• Third-party integrations and tools

It’s particularly important to note that the law covers both internal and external digital resources. This means that systems used exclusively by state employees must meet the same accessibility standards as public-facing resources.

Document Scope Clarification

For digital documents, the law specifically applies to those in “active use,” defined as content regularly accessed by the public for services or by employees to perform job functions. This includes current official versions but excludes previous versions, drafts, and archived materials.

Who Must Comply with HB21-1110?

The law applies to:

• All Colorado state agencies and departments
• State-funded higher education institutions
• Other state entities

Private businesses are generally not subject to HB21-1110 unless they are contracted by or affiliated with state agencies for projects with public-facing components.

Colorado OIT’s Leadership Role

The Colorado Office of Information Technology plays a central role in implementation and oversight:

• Standard Development: Establishing accessibility guidelines based on WCAG 2.1 AA
• Planning Support: Reviewing agency accessibility plans and providing feedback
• Compliance Monitoring: Tracking progress and ensuring adherence to standards
• Resource Development: Creating guidance materials and best practices
• Interagency Coordination: Facilitating collaboration among state entities

WCAG 2.1 AA: The Technical Standard for Compliance

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 AA, developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), serve as the technical foundation for HB21-1110 compliance. These internationally recognized standards address a wide range of accessibility considerations:

Key WCAG Principles and Requirements

• Perceivable Content: Information must be presentable in ways all users can perceive
  • Text alternatives for non-text content
  • Captions and transcripts for multimedia
  • Content that can be presented in different ways
  • Content distinguishable through sufficient contrast
• Operable Interface: User interface components must be navigable by all users
  • Keyboard accessibility for all functions
  • Sufficient time to read and interact with content
  • Avoidance of flashing content that could cause seizures
  • Multiple ways to navigate and find content
• Understandable Content: Information and interface operation must be comprehensible
  • Readable and understandable text
  • Predictable operation and appearance
  • Input assistance to help users avoid mistakes
• Robust Implementation: Content must be compatible with assistive technologies
  • Compatibility with current and future user tools
  • Properly structured markup

While WCAG compliance primarily benefits people with disabilities, these principles create better experiences for all users. Properly structured content helps everyone navigate more efficiently, while clear language and logical organization benefit users regardless of ability.

The Accessibility Overlay Myth

Many agencies exploring compliance options may encounter commercial “accessibility overlay” solutions that promise quick fixes through automated tools or widgets. Despite their widespread marketing, these solutions do not provide WCAG compliance and have been widely criticized by accessibility experts.

Research indicates approximately 30% of digital accessibility lawsuits in 2023 involved websites using overlay products, indicating their ineffectiveness in preventing legal challenges. Overlays generally cannot:

• Identify or fix many critical accessibility issues
• Provide consistent experiences across different assistive technologies
• Address the underlying structural problems in inaccessible content

The Colorado OIT has not explicitly endorsed or rejected these tools, but agencies should understand that relying solely on overlays is unlikely to achieve compliance with HB21-1110 requirements.

Consequences of Non-Compliance

The enforcement provisions of HB21-1110 create significant incentives for compliance:

• Court orders mandating immediate remediation
• Financial damages determined by the court
• Plaintiff’s attorney fees
• $3,500 statutory fine per violation, paid to each plaintiff

Perhaps most notably, the law allows any Colorado resident with a disability to initiate legal action against non-compliant agencies. This citizen enforcement mechanism makes proactive compliance particularly important, as agencies could face multiple simultaneous complaints once the law takes effect.

Recommended Compliance Process

To effectively address HB21-1110 requirements, state agencies should implement a structured approach:

1. Partner with Qualified Experts

Engage accessibility consultants with demonstrated experience in government compliance projects. Verify their qualifications and request references from similar organizations.

2. Comprehensive Accessibility Audit

Commission a thorough evaluation combining automated testing with expert manual review. Research indicates automated tools alone can identify only 25-30% of accessibility issues.

3. Detailed Remediation Guidance

Insist on specific, actionable recommendations rather than general statements of non-compliance. Effective audit reports should provide clear technical guidance for developers.

4. Strategic Implementation

Prioritize fixes based on:

• Critical barriers to access
• High-traffic pages and services
• Essential government functions
• Technical complexity and resource requirements

5. Validation Testing

Conduct follow-up testing with both automated tools and manual review to confirm remediation effectiveness. Include testing by users with disabilities when possible.

6. Staff Training

Implement comprehensive training for:

• Content creators
• Developers
• Designers
• Project managers
• Communications staff

7. Document Accessibility

For digital documents, consider specialized remediation services, particularly for large document libraries. Establish creation workflows that incorporate accessibility from the beginning.

VPATs and Procurement Considerations

As agencies work toward compliance, the Voluntary Product Accessibility Template (VPAT) becomes an essential tool for technology procurement. When selecting new digital products and services:

• Require vendors to provide current VPATs and Accessibility Conformance Reports (ACRs)
• Evaluate accessibility claims through independent testing
• Include specific accessibility requirements in contracts
• Establish remediation procedures for identified issues

VPATs provide standardized reporting on how products meet accessibility standards, helping agencies make informed purchasing decisions that support compliance goals.

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

Based on the experiences of organizations implementing similar requirements, agencies should be wary of:

1. Over-reliance on automated testing: While valuable, automated tools cannot identify many critical accessibility issues
2. “Quick fix” solutions: Accessibility widgets and overlays rarely address fundamental accessibility problems
3. Assuming developer familiarity: Many web developers lack formal training in accessibility standards
4. Delayed implementation: Given the technical complexity of remediation, starting early is essential
5. Ignoring user feedback: Testing with actual assistive technology users provides invaluable insights

Looking Forward: Beyond Compliance

While HB21-1110 creates legal obligations, forward-thinking agencies recognize that digital accessibility represents more than regulatory compliance. Accessible digital resources:

• Serve more citizens effectively
• Reduce support costs
• Improve overall usability
• Demonstrate commitment to inclusive governance
• Position agencies for compliance with future requirements

By embracing accessibility as a core value rather than simply a legal requirement, Colorado state agencies can create digital environments that truly serve all citizens.

Conclusion

Colorado’s HB21-1110 establishes a comprehensive framework for digital accessibility in state government. With the revised compliance deadline of July 2025, agencies have a defined timeline to implement necessary changes. By understanding the law’s requirements, securing qualified assistance, and implementing structured remediation processes, Colorado state entities can achieve compliance while enhancing their service to all citizens.

For additional information and resources on HB21-1110 compliance, agencies should consult the Colorado Office of Information Technology’s accessibility resources and guidelines

References

Colorado General Assembly. (2025). “House Bill 24-1454.” https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/hb24-1454

Colorado General Assembly. (2021). “House Bill 21-1110.” https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/hb21-1110

Colorado Office of Information Technology. (2024). “Digital Accessibility Program.” https://oit.colorado.gov/accessibility 

In today’s digital-first world, ensuring your SaaS (Software as a Service) platform is accessible isn’t just good business practice—it’s increasingly a legal requirement. With global legislation evolving and legal cases mounting, understanding the complex landscape of accessibility compliance has become essential for SaaS providers.

Why SaaS Accessibility Compliance Matters

Accessibility in software means designing products that people with disabilities can use effectively. For SaaS companies, this translates to creating interfaces, features, and content that accommodate users with visual, auditory, motor, or cognitive impairments.

Beyond the ethical imperative—which opens your product to the approximately 1.3 billion people worldwide living with significant disabilities—there are compelling business and legal reasons to prioritize accessibility:

• Market expansion: Access to the $13 trillion global spending power of people with disabilities
• Improved usability: Features that help users with disabilities often improve the experience for everyone
• Legal risk mitigation: Protection against costly lawsuits and compliance violations
• Brand reputation: Demonstration of corporate social responsibility

Key Accessibility Regulations Affecting SaaS Companies

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

While the ADA was enacted in 1990—before the modern internet—courts have increasingly interpreted Title III of the ADA to apply to digital spaces, including SaaS applications.

Key points for SaaS providers:

• The ADA applies to “places of public accommodation,” which multiple court rulings have extended to include websites and web applications
• No explicit technical standards are specified in the law itself
• The Department of Justice has consistently held the position that the ADA covers digital accessibility
• Notable cases like Robles v. Domino’s Pizza have reinforced that digital services must be accessible

According to UsableNet’s 2023 ADA Digital Accessibility Lawsuit Report, web and mobile app accessibility lawsuits continue to rise, with over 4,000 federal cases filed in 2023 alone.

European Accessibility Act (EAA)

The EAA represents Europe’s comprehensive approach to digital accessibility, with far-reaching implications for SaaS providers serving European markets.

Key points for SaaS providers:

• Full enforcement begins June 28, 2025
• Applies to products and services placed on the EU market after that date
• Covers “services providing access to audiovisual media services” which includes many SaaS platforms
• Requires conformance with specified accessibility requirements

Unlike the ADA, the EAA explicitly references technical standards, making compliance paths clearer but no less demanding.

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)

While WCAG is not legislation itself, it serves as the technical standard referenced by most accessibility laws worldwide, including the EAA and many ADA legal interpretations.

WCAG basics for SaaS providers:

• Current version is WCAG 2.1, with WCAG 2.2 released in 2023
• Organized around four principles: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust (POUR)
• Three compliance levels: A (minimum), AA (standard), and AAA (enhanced)
• Level AA is generally considered the legal standard in most jurisdictions

The W3C Web Accessibility Initiative maintains WCAG and provides extensive resources for implementation.

Other Relevant Regulations

Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act

For SaaS providers working with U.S. federal agencies:

• Requires federal agencies to make their electronic and information technology accessible
• Applies to products bought by federal agencies, creating procurement requirements
• Updated in 2017 to incorporate WCAG 2.0 Level AA standards

Country-Specific Legislation

Many countries have enacted their own digital accessibility regulations:

• Canada: Accessible Canada Act
• United Kingdom: Equality Act 2010
• Australia: Disability Discrimination Act
• Israel: Website Accessibility Regulations under the Equal Rights for Persons with Disabilities Law

Practical Steps to Achieve Compliance

1. Understand WCAG Requirements

Since most legal standards reference WCAG, understanding these guidelines is essential:

• Review the WCAG 2.1 guidelines
• Focus initially on Level A and AA requirements
• Pay special attention to keyboard navigation, screen reader compatibility, and color contrast

2. Conduct an Accessibility Audit

• Use automated testing tools like Axe, WAVE, or Lighthouse
• Complement with manual testing by accessibility experts
• Include testing with actual assistive technologies like screen readers

3. Create an Accessibility Roadmap

• Prioritize critical issues that present barriers to basic functionality
• Develop a phased approach to addressing all identified issues
• Establish timelines that acknowledge both urgency and resource constraints

4. Implement Accessibility Features

Common areas requiring attention in SaaS applications:

• Form accessibility: Proper labels, error identification, and keyboard navigation
• Dynamic content: Making AJAX updates and real-time changes perceivable to assistive technology
• Multimedia: Providing captions, transcripts, and audio descriptions
• Responsive design: Ensuring accessibility at all viewport sizes
• Documentation: Creating accessible user guides and support materials

5. Develop an Accessibility Statement

• Publicly document your commitment to accessibility
• Outline standards you’re striving to meet
• Provide contact information for accessibility support
• Be transparent about known limitations and remediation plans

See our guide to creating an Accessibility Statement.

The Cost of Non-Compliance

The financial implications of neglecting accessibility can be substantial:

• Legal damages: Settlements in ADA web accessibility cases frequently range from $5,000 to $50,000
• Legal fees: Defense costs can easily exceed $100,000, regardless of outcome
• Remediation under pressure: Implementing accessibility as part of a settlement agreement is typically more expensive than proactive compliance
• Lost business: Particularly for B2B SaaS providers, as enterprise clients increasingly include accessibility requirements in procurement processes

Building Accessibility into Your Development Process

Rather than treating accessibility as a one-time project, successful SaaS providers integrate it throughout their development lifecycle:

• Design phase: Include accessibility considerations in wireframes and mockups
• Development: Use accessible coding patterns and component libraries
• QA testing: Incorporate accessibility testing into regular quality assurance
• Release management: Include accessibility criteria in release checklists
• Ongoing monitoring: Use tools to continuously monitor accessibility compliance

Conclusion

As digital accessibility regulations continue to evolve and enforcement increases, SaaS providers cannot afford to view accessibility as optional. By understanding the legal landscape, implementing WCAG standards, and embedding accessibility into organizational processes, companies can not only mitigate legal risks but also expand their market reach and enhance their overall user experience.

The path to full compliance may seem daunting, but approached systematically and with commitment, it becomes an achievable goal that delivers significant business value. Most importantly, it ensures that your SaaS platform fulfills the fundamental purpose of technology: to empower all users, regardless of ability.

Disclaimer: This article provides general information about accessibility compliance and should not be construed as legal advice. For guidance specific to your situation, consult with a qualified legal professional.

In today’s digital age, ensuring that your website and online services are accessible to all users, including those with disabilities, is not just a moral obligation but a business imperative. Neglecting digital accessibility can lead to significant financial, legal, and reputational consequences. This article explores the tangible costs of ignoring accessibility and provides actionable steps to mitigate these risks.

Financial Implications

Overlooking digital accessibility can result in substantial financial losses. Companies may face decreased revenue due to lost customers, increased expenses from retroactive accessibility fixes, and potential legal fees. Investing in accessibility from the outset is often more cost-effective than addressing issues after they arise. For instance, implementing accessible design principles during the initial development phase can prevent costly overhauls later.  

Legal Consequences

Non-compliance with accessibility standards can expose businesses to legal action. Numerous organizations have faced lawsuits due to inaccessible digital content. For example, in 2015, Harvard University faced legal action because online audio and video course materials were not available in accessible formats, such as captions for deaf students.  Similarly, in 2006, the National Federation of the Blind sued Target Corporation, alleging that blind individuals were unable to access much of the information on Target’s website, nor purchase anything from its website independently. The case resulted in a settlement requiring Target to make its website accessible and pay $6 million to the class plaintiffs.

Reputational Damage

Ignoring accessibility can severely damage a company’s reputation. Negative publicity from lawsuits or customer complaints can erode trust and brand loyalty. Conversely, demonstrating a commitment to inclusivity can enhance public perception and attract a broader customer base. Companies that prioritize accessibility are often viewed as socially responsible, fostering goodwill among consumers. 

How to Avoid the Costs of Inaccessibility

1. Conduct Accessibility Audits: Regularly evaluate your digital platforms to identify and address accessibility barriers.
2. Adopt Inclusive Design Principles: Integrate accessibility considerations into the design process from the beginning, ensuring that new content and features are accessible.
3. Provide Employee Training: Educate staff on accessibility best practices to maintain compliance and foster an inclusive culture.
4. Engage with the Disability Community: Collaborate with individuals with disabilities to gain insights and feedback on improving accessibility.
5. Stay Informed: Keep abreast of legal requirements and industry standards related to digital accessibility to ensure ongoing compliance.

By proactively addressing digital accessibility, businesses can avoid the substantial costs associated with inaccessibility and demonstrate a commitment to inclusivity, benefiting both the company and its customers.